Madhu Kanda

 The head of the sacrificial horse is the dawn, his eyes are the sun, his breath of life is the wind-god, his face is the fire-god, the centre of his body is the year, his back is heaven, his stomach is the atmosphere, his hooves are the earth, his sides are the four directions, his bones are the other directions, his limbs are the seasons, the joints of his body are the months and the fornights, his feet are the night and the day, his marrow is the stars, his flesh is the clouds, the undigested food in his stomach is sand, his veins are the rivers, his liver is the mountains, the hair of his body is the herbs and the trees, the front of his body is the rising sun, the rear of his body is the setting sun, his belching is the lightning, the shaking of his body is the thunder, and his neighing is speech.

(A sacrificial horse was used at horse-sacrifices and, in this verse, an analogy is being drawn between the Brahman and the sacrificial horse.)

The day is the vessel that is to the front of the horse and the origin of the day is in the eastern ocean. The night is the vessel that is to the rear of the horse and the origin of the night is in the western ocean.( Two golden or silver vessels were placed to the front and the rear of a sacrificial horse as receptacles for offering.) As haya the horse bears gods, as vaji he bears gandharvas(a semi-divine species), as arva he bears demons, and as ashva he bears humans.(Haya, vaji, arva andashva are all synonyms for a horse.) The ocean is the stable and it is in the ocean that the horse originated.

Sikshavallyadhyaya

May the god Mitra grant us happiness. May the god varuna grant us happiness. may the god Aryama grant us happiness. May the god vishnu, whose footsteps are gigantic, grant us happiness. We bow in obeisance befor the god vayu; he is the brahman himself. O vayu! We worship you. You are the brahman who is before us. We will call you the brahman, we call you incantations of the sacred texs, we will call you truth. May the brahman protect me, may the brahman protect the one who is the spearker (of these words). May the brahman protect me, may the brahman protect the one who is the speaker. Let there be peace. Let there be peace. Let there be peace.

(The above shloka is often recited and the sanskrit is as follows.)

Oum sham no mitrah sham varunah

sham no bhavatvaryama

shama no indro brihaspatih

sham no vishnururukramah

namo brahmane

namaste vayo

tvameva pratyaksham brahmasi

tvameva pratyaksham brahma vadishyami

ritam vadishyami

satyam vadishyami

tanmamavatu tadvaktaramavatu

avatu mam avatu vaktaram

oum shantih shantih shantih

(This shloka is also the shanti patha for the Taittriya Upanishad, together with the shloka that was gven as the shanti patha for the kena Upanishad.)

Source of all Life

"The sun is the source of life and the moon is the source of foodgrains. Everything survives on foodgrains, be it thick of form or thin. All forms are thus nothing but foodgrains".
"The sun rises in the east and blazes forth in his energy. It is the rays of the sun that instill the force of life into living beings. Wherever the sun radiates his rays, east, west, north, south, up and down, the rays enter into the bodies of living beings and make them thrive."
"This is the entity that is there in all living beings. This is the entity is life and fire throughout the universe. This is the entity that rises as the sun. And it is about this entity that the following has been said in the Rig Veda."
"The learned know the omniscient sun whose form permeates the universes. Many are his rays and he is the source of all life. He is the unique one who is like the eye of the universe. The Sun radiates heat and his rays are everywhere. The sun rose to be the life force of living beings."

The Mandukya Upanishad

The Mandukya Upanishad is entirely in prose. It is the shortest Upanishad with a mere twelve stanzas. Part of the original text seems to have been lost. This Upanishad is associated with the Atharva Veda. But the name is derived from a school of the Rig Veds, know as the Mandukas. The essential point made in this Upanishad is that the syllable Oum is an expression of the universe.

Everything in the universe is captured in the syllable Oum. The past, the present and the future, are all in Oum. All that is beyond these three states of time, is also in Oum. The syllable Oum is the way to attain proximity to the brahman.

The first part of the brahman is fire. Fire savours the state of being awake; fire feels the external world. Fire enjoys all the material objects. Fire has seven limbs and nineteen faces.

The nineteen faces of fire are the ten senses, the five constituents of the breath of life, the mind, intelligence, ego and the heart. Fire has a head in heaven, the sun forms the eyes, the wind is the breath of life, the sky is the body, the water forms the lower organs, the earth is the feet and the sacrificial fire is the mouth. These are the seven limbs that are mention in Mandukya Upanishad.

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